WASHINGTON (By R. Jeffrey Smith, Washington Post) April 6, 2007 —
Captured Iraqi documents and
intelligence interrogations of Saddam Hussein and two former aides "all
confirmed" that Hussein's regime was not directly cooperating with
al-Qaeda before the U.S. invasion of Iraq, according to a declassified
Defense Department report released yesterday.
The declassified version of the report, by acting
Inspector General Thomas F. Gimble, also contains new details about the
intelligence community's prewar consensus that the Iraqi government and
al-Qaeda figures had only limited contacts, and about its judgments that
reports of deeper links were based on dubious or unconfirmed
information. The report had been released in summary form in February.
The report's release came on the same day that Vice
President Cheney, appearing on Rush Limbaugh's radio program, repeated
his allegation that al-Qaeda was operating inside Iraq "before we ever
launched" the war, under the direction of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the
terrorist killed last June.
"This is al-Qaeda operating in Iraq," Cheney told
Limbaugh's listeners about Zarqawi, who he said had "led the charge for
Iraq." Cheney cited the alleged history to illustrate his argument that
withdrawing U.S. forces from Iraq would "play right into the hands of
al-Qaeda."
Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman Carl M. Levin
(D-Mich.), who requested the report's declassification, said in a
written statement that the complete text demonstrates more fully why the
inspector general concluded that a key Pentagon office -- run by
then-Undersecretary of Defense Douglas J. Feith -- had inappropriately
written intelligence assessments before the March 2003 invasion alleging
connections between al-Qaeda and Iraq that the U.S. intelligence
consensus disputed.
The report, in a passage previously marked secret,
said Feith's office had asserted in a briefing given to Cheney's chief
of staff in September 2002 that the relationship between Iraq and
al-Qaeda was "mature" and "symbiotic," marked by shared interests and
evidenced by cooperation across 10 categories, including training,
financing and logistics.
Instead, the report said, the CIA had concluded in
June 2002 that there were few substantiated contacts between al-Qaeda
operatives and Iraqi officials and had said that it lacked evidence of a
long-term relationship like the ones Iraq had forged with other
terrorist groups.
"Overall, the reporting provides no conclusive signs
of cooperation on specific terrorist operations," that CIA report said,
adding that discussions on the issue were "necessarily speculative."
The CIA had separately concluded that reports of Iraqi
training on weapons of mass destruction were "episodic, sketchy, or not
corroborated in other channels," the inspector general's report said. It
quoted an August 2002 CIA report describing the relationship as more
closely resembling "two organizations trying to feel out or exploit each
other" rather than cooperating operationally.
The CIA was not alone, the defense report emphasized.
The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) had concluded that year that
"available reporting is not firm enough to demonstrate an ongoing
relationship" between the Iraqi regime and al-Qaeda, it said.
But the contrary conclusions reached by Feith's office
-- and leaked to the conservative Weekly Standard magazine before the
war -- were publicly praised by Cheney as the best source of information
on the topic, a circumstance the Pentagon report cites in documenting
the impact of what it described as "inappropriate" work.
Feith has vigorously defended his work, accusing
Gimble of "giving bad advice based on incomplete fact-finding and poor
logic," and charging that the acting inspector general has been "cheered
on by the chairmen of the Senate intelligence and armed services
committees." In January, Feith's successor at the Pentagon, Eric S.
Edelman, wrote a 52-page rebuttal to the inspector general's report that
disputed its analysis and its recommendations for Pentagon reform.
Cheney's public statements before and after the war
about the risks posed by Iraq have closely tracked the briefing Feith's
office presented to the vice president's then-chief of staff, I. Lewis
"Scooter" Libby. That includes the briefing's depiction of an alleged
2001 meeting in Prague between an Iraqi intelligence official and one of
the Sept. 11, 2001, hijackers as one of eight "Known Iraq-Al Qaida
Contacts."
The defense report states that at the time, "the
intelligence community disagreed with the briefing's assessment that the
alleged meeting constituted a 'known contact' " -- a circumstance that
the report said was known to Feith's office. But his office had bluntly
concluded in a July 2002 critique of a CIA report on Iraq's relationship
with al-Qaeda that the CIA's interpretation of the facts it cited "ought
to be ignored."
The briefing to Libby was also presented with slight
variations to then-Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld, then-CIA
Director George J. Tenet and then-deputy national security adviser
Stephen J. Hadley. It was prepared in part by someone whom the defense
report described as a "junior Naval Reservist" intelligence analyst
detailed to Feith's office from the DIA. The person is not named in the
report, but Edelman wrote that she was requested by Feith's office.
The briefing, a copy of which was declassified and
released yesterday by Levin, goes so far as to state that "Fragmentary
reporting points to possible Iraqi involvement not only in 9/11 but also
in previous al Qaida attacks." That idea was dismissed in 2004 by a
presidential commission investigating the Sept. 11 attacks, noting that
"no credible evidence" existed to support it.
When a senior intelligence analyst working for the
government's counterterrorism task force obtained an early account of
the conclusions by Feith's office -- titled "Iraq and al-Qaida: Making
the Case" -- the analyst prepared a detailed rebuttal calling it of "no
intelligence value" and taking issue with 15 of 26 key conclusions, the
report states. The analyst's rebuttal was shared with intelligence
officers on the Joint Chiefs of Staff, but evidently not with others.
Edelman complained in his own account of the incident
that a senior Joint Chiefs analyst -- in responding to a suggestion by
the DIA analyst that the "Making the Case" account be widely circulated
-- told its author that "putting it out there would be playing into the
hands of people" such as then-Deputy Defense Secretary Paul D. Wolfowitz,
and belittled the author for trying to support "some agenda of people in
the building."
But the inspector general's report, in a footnote,
commented that it is "noteworthy . . . that post-war debriefs of Sadaam
Hussein, [former Iraqi foreign minister] Tariq Aziz, [former Iraqi
intelligence minister Mani al-Rashid] al Tikriti, and [senior al-Qaeda
operative Ibn al-Shaykh] al-Libi, as well as document exploitation by
DIA all confirmed that the Intelligence Community was correct: Iraq and
al-Qaida did not cooperate in all categories" alleged by Feith's office.
From these sources, the report added, "the terms the
Intelligence Community used to describe the relationship between Iraq
and al-Qaida were validated, namely 'no conclusive signs,' and 'direct
cooperation . . . has not been established.' "
Zarqawi, whom Cheney depicted yesterday as an agent of
al-Qaeda in Iraq before the war, was not then an al-Qaeda member but was
the leader of an unaffiliated terrorist group who occasionally
associated with al-Qaeda adherents, according to several intelligence
analysts. He publicly allied himself with al-Qaeda in early 2004, after
the U.S. invasion.